116) According to IS Specifications, the effective length of a column effectively held in position at both ends and restrained in direction at one end is taken as

117) The effective length of a battened strut effectively held in position at both ends but not restrained in direction is taken as

118) The maximum slenderness ratio of a compression member carrying both dead and superimposed load is

119) The maximum slenderness ratio of a steel column, the design of which is governed by wind or seismic forces is

120) According to IS:800, in the Merchant Rankine formula the value of imperfection index (n) is