113) According to IS Specifications, the maximum pitch of rivets in compression is [where t is thickness of thinnest outside plate or angle]

114) A circular column section is generally not used in actual practice because

115) The slenderness ratio of a column supported throughout its length by a masonry wall is

116) According to IS Specifications, the effective length of a column effectively held in position at both ends and restrained in direction at one end is taken as

117) The effective length of a battened strut effectively held in position at both ends but not restrained in direction is taken as