bearing and shear

bending and shear

bearing and bending

bearing, shear and bending

0.5 D

0.68 D

0.88 D

D

1.18

1.414

1.67

1.81

rectangular beams up to 300 mm depth

all rectangular beams

solid circular beams only

all square cross-section beams

1/12 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/120 of maxi-mum strain

1/2 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/12 of maxi-mum strain

1/12 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and 1/200 of maximum strain

1/24 of strain at the initiation of strain hardening and about 1/200 of maximum strain